#Spectre ops agents install
#Spectre ops agents software

Application manifest can also be called unmanaged or fusion manifest.

> Embedded application and assembly manifests

References to dependencies and other files for delivery.

Conducts integrity check of deployment manifest.

Specifies dependencies for the deployment (states version of .NET that will be utilized).

*.exe.manifest is the file extension for these.

APPREF-MS file will point to this (if used).

References the ClickOnce application manifest to deploy.

*.application is the file extension for these.

There are three types of manifest to become familiar with when discussing ClickOnce deployments: Just like .NET applications, there will be different types of manifests that need to be accounted for.

#Spectre ops agents software

Legitimate applications exist and make use of ClickOnce deployments for installation or updating software such as Chrome (previously), Fidelity, and others.ĬlickOnce deployments rely on manifests which are formatted in a very specific way. We will be focusing on the web page method of publishing deployments. network file shares, legacy media, and web pages). Deployments can be published through a variety of options (e.g. “ClickOnce is a deployment technology that enables you to create self-updating Windows-based applications that can be installed and run with minimal user interaction” – MSDNĬlickOnce is a vehicle for installing and updating .NET applications. ClickOnce Overview and Current Weaponizations Ultimately, we want to take a relatively common initial access technique known as ClickOnce and extend its value for the offensive use case by abusing the trust of third-party applications. Ease of rerolling execution implementations.Streamlined, minimal user interaction required.Reputable, known-good file(s) used during execution.

#Spectre ops agents install

Install / execute application without administrative privileges.

A few of the hurdles we’d like to overcome by implementing these weaponization options include: With the barrier to entry for initial access ever increasing, we spent some time digging into potentially lesser-known weaponization options for ClickOnce deployments. The contents of this blogpost was written by Nick Powers ( and Steven Flores ( and is a written version of the content presented at Defcon30.